PART A: Video Research
1. List the printing process identified in the program
Commercial Printing: Web-fed printing, Sheet-fed printing, Offset Lithographic printing, Digital Printing, Flexography, Screen-Printing, Binding and finishing.
Newsprint and those with a shorter life span in use are usually printed using cheaper paper.
3. What products are higher quality papers used for in printing?
Higher quality papers are used for printing colourful advertising brochures, or books. As a general rule, the more pages in the final product, the better the quality of paper.
Heavy gloss papers are very expensive. These are likely to be used for Photographic books or art prints.
4. What are printing plates made from in the offset lithographic print process?
Very thin metal, often aluminium.
5. What are spot colours used for?
Creating very intense colours, such as gold or silver, or to add a shiny varnish highlight to a page.
6. How is digital printing different from offset lithography?
Digital printing is done via two main methods; electrophotography and ink jet printing. Instead of printing 100,000 offset brochures of which 1 or 2% are read, with digital variable data printing the client knows they can personally affect each and every reader.
7. What are the advantages of flexography printing?
The printing plates are made of flexible material. It can print on variable surfaces, such as paper, plastics and corrugated cardboard. The print resolution is not as fine as with offset printing.
The three main types of flexography printing are:
The stack press is used for simple print runs. Its registration is relatively poor. Its main advantage is that it can print on both sides of the substrate.
Inline presses can be expanded easily to increase the number of print plates and to incorporate additional printing methods, such as offset printing.
8. What methods are used to dry inks?
The drying rate is the most tricky to engineer when concerned with the inks. The drying rates can be adjusted by use of faster or drying solvents, like acetates or propanol's.
9. How is digital printing different from traditional printing?
With digital printing, a different image can come off the page at each turn, which is called variable date. So with a print run of 100,000 pages, you could have 100,000 different pages coming out in one go. The speeds in which the printers are printed, however, are slower than that of traditional printing.
The other difference is the limited thickness of paper that can be printed. The maximum thickness of paper is up to 200gsm for digital printing.
10. What is a substrate?
In offset printing, the term substrate refers to the material onto which the print ink is ultimately applied, such as paper, canvas or cloth.
11. Why is coloured artwork separated into four plates?
Each plate carries one of the four coloured inks; Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. Using the inks in various combinations, all other colours can be created.
12. Book casing refers to what?
A hard cover book has a particular finishing path known as book casing. A quality printed product relies on being presented well. Some expensive and specialized books are treated on their edges, often with gold guild or colouring. Other refinements may include the fitting of a printed jacket tot he outside of the book.
13. Binding and finishing uses different equipment to finish the printed work. Explain these terms:
a. Knife folding machine
The knife folding machine lays the paper onto a flat surface. A knife pushes the paper through a slit in the surface of the flat plate onto two rollers positioned below. The rollers engage the paper and form a fold. They are more complex in their design but can fold a greater range of papers and cardboards.
b. Perfect binding machine
Perfect binding is where the pages are glued together between covers of much heavier paper.
c. Guillotine
A guillotine cuts flat sheets of printed paper.
PART B: Research and Compare
Commercial Printing: Web-fed printing, Sheet-fed printing, Offset Lithographic printing, Digital Printing, Flexography, Screen-Printing, Binding and finishing.
- First the printer looks at the scheduling of a particular job, how long will it take to print, the time it is required to be delivered, where it has to go.
- Secondly is the availability of the paper, it will be either in stock or will need to be purchased (most of which comes from overseas, which incurs deadlines on its arrival. Somewhere between 16 and 20 weeks depending on the type of paper).
- The quality and weight of the paper also needs to be considered.
Newsprint and those with a shorter life span in use are usually printed using cheaper paper.
3. What products are higher quality papers used for in printing?
Higher quality papers are used for printing colourful advertising brochures, or books. As a general rule, the more pages in the final product, the better the quality of paper.
Heavy gloss papers are very expensive. These are likely to be used for Photographic books or art prints.
4. What are printing plates made from in the offset lithographic print process?
Very thin metal, often aluminium.
5. What are spot colours used for?
Creating very intense colours, such as gold or silver, or to add a shiny varnish highlight to a page.
6. How is digital printing different from offset lithography?
Digital printing is done via two main methods; electrophotography and ink jet printing. Instead of printing 100,000 offset brochures of which 1 or 2% are read, with digital variable data printing the client knows they can personally affect each and every reader.
7. What are the advantages of flexography printing?
The printing plates are made of flexible material. It can print on variable surfaces, such as paper, plastics and corrugated cardboard. The print resolution is not as fine as with offset printing.
The three main types of flexography printing are:
- Central impression
- Stack press
- Inline press
The stack press is used for simple print runs. Its registration is relatively poor. Its main advantage is that it can print on both sides of the substrate.
Inline presses can be expanded easily to increase the number of print plates and to incorporate additional printing methods, such as offset printing.
8. What methods are used to dry inks?
The drying rate is the most tricky to engineer when concerned with the inks. The drying rates can be adjusted by use of faster or drying solvents, like acetates or propanol's.
9. How is digital printing different from traditional printing?
With digital printing, a different image can come off the page at each turn, which is called variable date. So with a print run of 100,000 pages, you could have 100,000 different pages coming out in one go. The speeds in which the printers are printed, however, are slower than that of traditional printing.
The other difference is the limited thickness of paper that can be printed. The maximum thickness of paper is up to 200gsm for digital printing.
10. What is a substrate?
In offset printing, the term substrate refers to the material onto which the print ink is ultimately applied, such as paper, canvas or cloth.
11. Why is coloured artwork separated into four plates?
Each plate carries one of the four coloured inks; Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. Using the inks in various combinations, all other colours can be created.
12. Book casing refers to what?
A hard cover book has a particular finishing path known as book casing. A quality printed product relies on being presented well. Some expensive and specialized books are treated on their edges, often with gold guild or colouring. Other refinements may include the fitting of a printed jacket tot he outside of the book.
13. Binding and finishing uses different equipment to finish the printed work. Explain these terms:
a. Knife folding machine
The knife folding machine lays the paper onto a flat surface. A knife pushes the paper through a slit in the surface of the flat plate onto two rollers positioned below. The rollers engage the paper and form a fold. They are more complex in their design but can fold a greater range of papers and cardboards.
b. Perfect binding machine
Perfect binding is where the pages are glued together between covers of much heavier paper.
c. Guillotine
A guillotine cuts flat sheets of printed paper.
PART B: Research and Compare
Digital Printing vs Lithographic Printing
With digital printing every impression made can be made different, as opposed to making several hundred or thousand impressions of the same thing from the one set of plates, like with offset printing.
Digital
printing has the flexibility of running a double-sided job, a mail or
number merge job all in the one print. They have a high quality finish
and have a very quick turn around. Digital printers largest print size
is only RA3, which is slightly larger than an A3 page. Digital machines
however can run paper stock from 80gsm up to 300gsm.
The
inks and toners in digital printing does not absorb into the paper, as
does conventional ink. A layer on the surface is formed and it generally
requires less waste in terms of chemicals used and paper wasted in the
set up. Offset printing involves some setup time, which includes making
the print plates and setting up the printing inks. Therefore, digital
printing would suit a smaller run.
Lithographic uses a method based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat image on which the image to be printed obtains ink from ink rollers, while the non-printing areas attracts a film of water, keeping the non-printed areas ink-free. Offset lithography is the most commonly used commercial printing process for the bulk of desktop publishing, with paper. Offset lithography is used on both sheet-fed and web offset presses.
Offset printing differs from digital print in that it involves large sheets of paper running through a traditional printing press using a spot colour (often black) or the CMYK process. Most larger quantity letterbox flyers, postcards and A4 brochures are printed using the offset printing process. Offset printing achieves a very high quality print and is very economical once set-up, due to the fact it has the ability to run a much larger sheet of paper. Although more time is required for the set up, drying and trimming time, one the machine is set, high speed and large quantities can be printed with great ease at a lower overall cost per unit. Offset printing is a superior print, which offers a high resolution print that is more suited when a more permanent print is required.
Advantages of Digital
Lithographic uses a method based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat image on which the image to be printed obtains ink from ink rollers, while the non-printing areas attracts a film of water, keeping the non-printed areas ink-free. Offset lithography is the most commonly used commercial printing process for the bulk of desktop publishing, with paper. Offset lithography is used on both sheet-fed and web offset presses.
Offset printing differs from digital print in that it involves large sheets of paper running through a traditional printing press using a spot colour (often black) or the CMYK process. Most larger quantity letterbox flyers, postcards and A4 brochures are printed using the offset printing process. Offset printing achieves a very high quality print and is very economical once set-up, due to the fact it has the ability to run a much larger sheet of paper. Although more time is required for the set up, drying and trimming time, one the machine is set, high speed and large quantities can be printed with great ease at a lower overall cost per unit. Offset printing is a superior print, which offers a high resolution print that is more suited when a more permanent print is required.
Advantages of Digital
- Shorter turn-around.
- Every print is the same. More accurate counts, less waste and fewer variations, due to not having to balance ink and water during press run.
- Cheaper low volume printing. While the unit cost of each piece may be higher than with offset printing, when setup costs are included digital printing provides lower per unit costs for very small print runs.
- Variable Data Printing is a form of customizable digital printing. Using information from a database or external file, text and graphics can be changed on each piece without stopping or slowing down the press. For example, personalized letters can be printed with a different name and address on each letter. Variable data printing is used primarily for direct marketing, customer relationship development and advertising.
Advantages of Offset
- High image quality.
- Works on a wide range of printing surfaces, including paper, wood, cloth, meta, leather, rough paper and plastic.
- The unit cost goes down as the quality goes up.
- Quality and cost-effectiveness in high volume jobs. While today's digital presses are close to the cost/benefit ratio of offset for high quality work, they are not yet able to compete with the volume an offset press can produce.
References
Kalamazoo (2013). Printing Methods. Retrieved from
Loyalty Print (2011). Digital Vs Offset Printing.
Retrieved from http://www.loyaltyprint.com.au/Digital_printing_Vs_Offset_Printing.htm
Pinsonnault Creative (2014). Digital vs. Offset Printing: Advantages of
Each and How to Decide which is Right for Your Project. Retrieved from
PART C: Puzzle
word-search
PLATES WEB PRESS INK JET
DIRECT
MARKETING IMPRESSIONS SCREEN
SQUEEGEE SHEET FED GRIPPERS
INK FOLDER ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY
BLANKET SUBSTRATE STENCIL
PART D: Examples
 |
Magazine:
letterbox drop
Dimensions:
20.5cm x 27.7cm (approx.)
|
Offset Print
Traditional offset printing presses use either the CMYK colour gamut of the RGB colour space (R-red, G-green and B-blue). Offset printing presses are sheet-fed. The offset printing press can take only one type of paper stock in its in tray, so it takes time to change from one printing job using one type of paper stock (e.g. 150gsm Gloss) to another printing job that is using another paper stock (e.g 310gsm Satin Art Board). This magazine has a thicker paper that has been used for its cover.
Traditional offset printing presses use either the CMYK colour gamut of the RGB colour space (R-red, G-green and B-blue). Offset printing presses are sheet-fed. The offset printing press can take only one type of paper stock in its in tray, so it takes time to change from one printing job using one type of paper stock (e.g. 150gsm Gloss) to another printing job that is using another paper stock (e.g 310gsm Satin Art Board). This magazine has a thicker paper that has been used for its cover.
 |
| Magazine stitching machine |
A magazine can be bound so that the pages are stapled together or
glued together. Thinner magazines with fewer pages are usually bound
with staples, while thicker magazines will require one end of each page
to be glued to the spine of the magazine.
The above magazine example consisted of 114 pages and was stapled together with two staples.
2.
 |
Hardcover book,
with wide spine.
Dimensions:
13.5cm x 16.5, Spine: 1.2cm x 16.5cm
|
The
above book most probably used case binding. Case binding is the most
common type of hardcover binding for books. The pages are arranged in
signatures and glued together into a "textblock". The textblock is then
attached to the cover or "case" which is made of cardboard covered with
paper, cloth, vinyl or leather.
Bookbinding
is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded
or unfolded sheets of paper or other material. It usually involves
attaching a book cover book to the resulting text-block. Modern
bookbinding is divided between hand binding by individual craftsmen
versus mass-produced bindings by high-speed machines in a bindery
factory.
A
hardcover, hardbound book has rigid covers and is stitched in the
spine. Looking from the top of the spine, the book can be seen to
consist of a number of signatures bound together. When the book is
opened in the middle of a signature, the binding threads are visible.
Signatures of hardcover books are typically octavo (a single sheet
folded three times), though they may also be folio, quarto, or 16mo.
Unusually large and heavy books are sometimes bound with wire.
3.
 |
| High gloss contact paper |
Contact
paper is an inexpensive material that has a decorative surface on one
side and a highly adhesive material on the other side. The paper sticks
to the desired surface with minimal effort. It is usually sold in roll
form and the user cuts the material to size.
Cast
coated paper provides the highest gloss surface of all coated papers
and boards. It is used for labels, covers, cartons and cards.Coating is a
process by which paper or board is coasted with an agent to improve
brightness or printing properties. By applying PCC, china clay, pigment
or adhesive, the coating fills the miniscule pits between the fibres in
the base paper, giving it a smooth, flat surface, which can improve the
opacity, lustre and colour-absorbtion ability. Various blades and
rollers ensure the uniform application of the coating.
Different
levels of coating are used according to the paper properties that are
required. They are divided into light coated, medium coated, high
coated, and art papers - art paper is used for the high quality
reproduction of artwork in brochures and art books.
This
contact paper above was most likely printed using calendaring. This is
done primarily for magazines and coated papers. The paper passes through
rollers, which are alternatively hard and soft. Through a combination
of heat, pressure and friction, the paper acquires a high lustre
surface. Spot colours were also most likely used.
4.
4.
High gloss print
Gift
Card Sleeves are a perfect way to make sure that your gift card is safe
and ready to go when your customers purchase your gift cards. The
sleeve ensures that the magnetic stripe and encoding is protected.
Gift
cardholders' standard prints are 10pt coated 1 side stock material.
Custom Gift Card Holders are also referred to as Fold Over card carriers
and are available in various sizes:
- Standard side fold size gift card carrier measures 4" x 6"
- Standard top fold size gift card carrier measures 4" x 5.5"(even fold)
- Standard top fold size gift card carrier measures 2.8" x 8.75"
- Standard tri-fold size gift card carrier measures 4" x 7.875"
Gift
card holders have inside die cut slots to hold the gift card in place.
Traditional-sized plastic cards are easily inserted into either gift
card carrier size, while custom gift card holders have no size limits.
5.
 |
| Wax coated box, Die Cut |
*For the purpose of scanning, I have opened the box out to see the shape the die cutter cut.
A
carton is a type of packaging suitable for food, pharmaceuticals,
hardware, and many other types of products. Folding cartons are usually
combined into a tube at the manufacturer and shipped flat (knocked down)
to the packager. Tray styles have a solid bottom and are often shipped
as flat blanks and assembled by the packager. Some are also
self-erecting. High-speed equipment is available to set up, load, and
close the cartons.
Boxes like the above example get printed first, then die-cut, folded and glued to produce the finished box.
6.
 |
| Lamitubes/Laminatetubes PBL: (Plastic Barrier Laminate) |
This simultaneous molding and fusing of the shoulder with
the tube body makes the bond inseparable and also makes it aesthetically
appealing.
The
multilayer laminatetubes (lamitube) made from laminates with aluminium foil
barrier combine the excellent barrier advantages of traditional metal tubes
& the attractive visual and tactile feel of the plastic
tubes.
These laminated tubes are made from the laminates; the structure of the laminate is described on the image to the left.
The ABL laminated tubes give good collapsible effect (shown in the scanned picture above), which is desirable where precise dispensing of the product is required.
Laminate tubes are broadly classified under two categories:
- Lamitubes/Laminatetubes ABL : (Aluminium Barrier Laminate)
- Lamitubes/Laminatetubes PBL : (Plastic Barrier Laminate)
The tubes can be printed with up to 8 colours as per the customers' design.
Manufacturers of Plastic tubes take rolls of printed plastic material and then forms into a tube. These empty tubes are then supplied to the end product manufacturer of food or Healthcare products to fill with the tube with product like toothpaste, cream etc and cap it.
It is convenient for manufacturer of plastic tubes if the incoming plastic material is pre-printed under contract manufacturing. Then the final manufacturer can focus on final conversion i.e on his core business of tube making. They can plan for faster tube making and produce higher quantities.
References
Creative card group (2014). Printed Gift Card Sleeves. Retrieved from http://www.shop.creativecardgroup.com/printed-gift-ard-sleeve/
My1Stop.com (2013). Printing Made Easy. Retrieved from http://www.my1stopcom/Custom-Gift-Card-Holders.aspx
Paper Online (2014). Types of finish. Retrieved from http://paperonline.org/paper-making/paper-production/paper-finishing/types-of-finish
Skypack redefining packaging (2104). Lamitubes/Laminate Tubes - Complete Product Range. Retrieved from http://www.lamitubes.com
SmartTech (2010). Lamitube Printing. Retrieved from http://smarttech.co.in/products_lamitube-printing.html
The Internet Printer (2014). Retrieved from http://theinternetprinter.com.au/info/Digital_and_Offset_Printing_Services.aspx
Wikipedia (2014). Bookbinding. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookbinding
Wikipedia (2014). Carton. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carton
Wise Geek (2014). What Is the Process for Publishing a Magazine? Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-process-for-publishing-a-magazine.htm
PART E:
Terminology
Analog proof:
Used for checking positioning or where exact colour
is less critical. It requires film negative or positives be made in order to
produce the colour proof.
Additive Colour:
Colour produced by light falling onto a surface, as
compared to subtractive colour. The additive primary colours are RGB (red,
green, blue).
Artwork:
All original copy, including type,
photos and illustrations, intended for
printing.
printing.
Ascender:
The top part of a lower case letter that sits above
the main body of it, such as in ‘k’, ‘f’ and ‘t’.
Backing:
To print on the second side (back) of
printed sheets.
Base art:
Copy pasted up on a mounting board of a mechanical,
as compared to overlay art.
Beating:
This ‘beats’ the paper so as to mesh the pulp
fibres in papermaking so that the fibres produce the desired quality of paper.
Bleaching:
Bleaching is used to whiten and purify
pulp. It is a chemical treatment.
Bleed:
Elements that reach the edge or over the edge of a
printed page. Extra ink that crosses the trim line.
Body matter:
This is the structure of the book work. It is forms
the main content of a book, magazine, web page or other printed material.
Body size:
The height of the type measured from the top of the
tallest ascender to the bottom of the lowest descender. Normally given in
points, the standard unit of type size.
Bromide:
A photographic print created on bromide
paper.
Bulk:
Relating to the thickness of paper,
relative to its weight.
Calendering:
Making the surface of the paper smooth, by pressing
it between rollers during manufacturing.
Camera-ready
copy:
Mechanicals, photographs and art fully prepared for
reproduction according to the technical requirements of the printing process
being used.
CMYK colour:
Abbreviation for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow
and Key (black). The four process
colours.
Coated paper:
Paper with a coating of clay and other
substances that improves
reflectivity and ink holdout. The four major
categories being, cast, gloss,
dull and matte.
Collate:
Organizing the printed material in a
specific order.
Colour bar:
A printed bar on the non-used print area. It helps
to show and control the quality of the print relative to ink density,
registration and dot gain.
Compositor:
The person who sets and corrects type and generally
assembles text and illustrations for printing.
Continuous
tone:
An image in which the subject has continuous shades
of colour or grey without being broken up by dots. Continuous tones cannot be
reproduced in that form for printing but must be screened to translate the
image into dots.
Crop marks:
Small links printed around the edge of a print to
indicate where the sheet will be cut.
Cyan:
One of the four process colours. Also
known as blue.
Densitometer:
An instrument used to measure density. Reflection
densitometers measure light reflected from paper and other surfaces;
transmission densitometers measure light transmitted through film and other
materials.
Descender:
The lower part of a lower case letter that sits
above the main body of it, such as in ‘g, ‘j’ and ‘q’.
Desktop
publishing:
A technique that uses a personal computer to design
images and pages, and assemble type and graphics, then using a laser printer or
image setter to output the assembled pages onto paper, film or printing plate.
Digesting:
In printing, this means to condense, to organize
into a systematic arrangement, usually by summarizing or classifying.
Digital
proof:
Pages proofed through electronic memory transferred
onto paper via laser or ink-jet.
Digital
electronic printing:
Printing done from a digital file.
Doctor Blade:
A dull scraper used to remove ink from the
non-printed surfaces. It presses against the press cylinder and clears away ink
from the surface.
Dot gain:
When the dots are printing larger than they should
be. This reduces the detail and lowers contrast.
Dots per
inch:
A measurement of resolution of input devices such
as scanners, display devices such as monitors, and output devices such as laser
printers, image setters and monitors.
Dummy:
A mock up assembly of the elements to be reproduced
in the desired finish. A simulation of the final product.
Duotone:
A reproduction of a one colour photo printed with
two-colour halftones. Black-and-white photography reproduced using two halftone
negatives, each shot to emphasize different tonal values in the original.
Dye-line:
This is a placeholder that assists with the layout
of a document that will be die-cut as part of the finishing process.
Emboss:
To remold and reshape the paper by use of special
metal dies and heat, counter dies and pressure. This produces a raised image on
the paper surface.
Flexography:
Flexible plates are used to print on non-flat
surfaces, such as cans. The image to be printed is higher than the non-printing
area whereby the ink is transferred from the raised areas to the material. Fast
drying inks are usually used in this particular process.
Flat-bed
cutting:
This is a highly accurate, automated cutting system
that delivers exceptional cut quality.
Folding:
This is when a sheet of paper is doubled up so that
one part lies on top of another. Folding stresses the paper fibers.
Folio:
Number of pages at top or bottom.
Font:
A character identified to make the
completed typeface and size.
Forme:
Type and blocks assembled in pages and imposed in a
metal chase ready for printing.
Fugitive ink:
Non-permanent pigments that lighten, darken, or
otherwise change the appearance when exposed to certain conditions.
Galley:
The printing term for a long metal tray used to
hold type after it has been set and before the press run.
GSM:
Grams per Square Meter. The unit of
measurement for paper weight.
Gravure
printing:
A process that uses recessed areas on a
metal cylinder to hold the ink.
Greyscale:
Strip of grey values ranging from white to black.
Used by process camera and scanner operators to calibrate exposure times for
film and plates.
Grippers:
The metal fingers that hold the sheets of paper as
they pass through the printing press.
Guillotine:
A machine/device that cuts/trims paper
excess.
H&J:
Hyphenation & Justification. The H&J
dictionary specifies acceptable word breaks, and the greatest number of
acceptable consecutive lines of text that can end with a hyphenated word.
Halftone:
Producing the impression of a continuous-tone
image. It is achieved by varying the dot size and the number of dots per square
inch.
Hard copy:
This is the printed copy of information. It is
so-called because it exists as a physical object.
Hemp:
Hemp paper does not require bleaching. It is the
world’s best paper making material from a quality, environmental and
sustainability standpoint. Hemp is the plant otherwise known as cannabis.
Imposition:
The arrangement of pages, in correct order, with
all margins and proper alignment before producing the plates for printing.
ISBN:
International Standard Book Number. A reference
number given to every published work. Usually found on the back of the title
page.
ISO:
International Organization for Standardization. It
is the standard setting that develops and circulates worldwide standards,
including the ISO standard for print speed.
ISSN:
International Standard Serial Number. This is a
number that uniquely identifies the title of serial publications. It is an
eight-digit code consisting of seven numbers plus a check digit that enables a
computer to recognize when the number is incorrectly cited. This is sometimes
an X, otherwise the ISSN is fully numeric.
Justify:
Adjusting the space between words and characters to
fill a given line of text from beginning to end.
Kerning:
To narrow the space between two letters, so they
sit closer together and take up less space on a page.
Leading:
The space between the lines of type. It is the
distance between one baseline and the next.
Logo:
A personalized design, symbol or type produced
for a company or
product.
product.
Mechanical
fastening:
Any mechanical device that is used to join the ends
together. It is a fastener that mechanically joins or affixes two or more
sheets together.
Mock-up:
A rough visual of a publication or
design.
Moiré pattern:
An undesirable halftone pattern produced by the
incorrect angles of overprinting halftone screens.
OCR:
Optical Character Recognition. A special kind of scanner,
which provides a means of reading printed characters on documents and
converting them into digital codes that can be read into a computer as actual
text rather than just a picture.
Offset:
Ink that has unintentionally been transferred from
a printed sheet to the back of the sheet above it, as the pieces are stacked in
a pile after being printed.
Orphan:
A line of type on its own at the top or
bottom of a page.
Outline
fonts:
A typeface in which the fonts are formed with only
the outline defined rather than from solid strokes.
Over-printing:
Any printing that is done on an area
that has already been printed on.
Pad printing:
This is when a 2D image is transferred
into a 3D object.
Pantone
colour:
A registered name for an ink colour
matching system,
Perfecting
Press:
A printing press that prints on both sides of a
sheet in a single pass through the press.
Perfect
binding:
A binding process where a flexible adhesive holds
the signatures of a book together.
Picking:
An occurrence in printing whereby the tack of ink
pulls fibers or coating off the paper surface, leaving spots on the printed
surface.
Plate setter:
A machine that images
plates directly from digital file.
Ream:
500 sheets of paper.
500 sheets of paper.
Register
marks:
Any symbol or crossmark used on a press sheet to
assure the proper registration.
Relief
printing:
A printing method whose image carriers are surfaces
with two levels having inked areas higher than non-inked areas. Relief printing
includes block printing, flexography and letter press.
RGB colour:
Red, Green, Blue. These are the primary colours of
light, which computers use to display images on a screen. An RGB computer file
must be translated into the CMYK (primary colours of pigment) colour space in
order to be printed on a printing press.
Rotary
cutting:
Rotary cutting is performed using a cylindrical die
on a rotary pres. A long sheet or web of material gets fed through the press in
to an area, known as the station, which holds a rotary tool that cuts shapes,
make perforations or creases, or to cut the sheet into smaller pieces.
Sanserif:
A typeface that has no serifs (small strokes at the
end of main stroke of the character).
Scoring:
To crease paper with a metal rule for
the purpose of making the fold
easier.
easier.
Screen
ruling:
A measurement equaling the number of lines or dots
per inch on a halftone screen.
Screen
printing:
The method of printing that uses a squeegee to
force ink through an assembly of mesh fabric and a stencil.
Short grain
paper:
Refers to the fibers in paper lining. Many types of
digital printers experience feeding problems when short grain paper is used.
Signature
(print term):
A printed sheet with multiple pages on it that is
folded so that the pages are in their proper numbered sequence, as in a book.
Slug Area:
This is the area outside the printing and bleeds
areas. It contains the printing instructions for the printer and registration
marks.
Spot-varnishing:
Varnish the is applied to only portions of a sheet,
as compared to flood or painted sheet.
Step-and-repeat:
A prepress technique that exposes an image in a
precise, multiple pattern to create a flat or plate. Images are said to be
stepped across the film or plate.
Stroke:
To mark a line. A movement or mark made
in one direction.
Substrate:
Any surface or material on which
printing is done.
Tack:
Adhesive quality of inks.
Template:
A standard layout. Concerning a printing project’s
basic details in regard to its dimensions.
Thermal
fastening:
Glue is channeled down the spine to bind the documents.
Documents bound with thermal fastening requires a scoring device and a large
format printer.
Trapping:
The spread or overlap of colours or images into
each other to not show white.
Trim marks:
Marks placed on the printed sheet to
indicate where cuts should be made.
Typography:
The design and planning of printed
matter using type.
Variable
costs:
The cost that is affected by other factors other
than the level of activity required.
Watermark:
A translucent mark or image that is embossed during
the papermaking process, or printed onto paper, which is visible when the paper
I help up to the light. Used for copyright.
Web
(printer):
A continuous roll of printing paper
used on web-fed presses.
Widow:
A single word or two left at the end of a
paragraph, or a part of a sentence ending a paragraph, which loops over to the
next page and stands alone. Also used to refer to the last sentence of a
paragraph, which contains only one or two short words.
Work-and-tumble:
A method of printing where pages are imposed
together. The sheet is then printed on one side with the sheet being turned or
tumbled from front to rear to print the opposite side.
Work-and-turn:
A print that has both the front and back print on
one side of the paper then prints the same on the back side. Producing two
copies of the piece.
Wove:
A smooth paper with a gentle patterned finish.
X-height:
A smooth paper with a gentle patterned finish.
X-height:
The height of a letter excluding the ascenders and
descenders; e.g. ‘x’, which is also height of the main body.
Bibliography:
About.com Desktop Publishing (2014). H&J. Retrieved from http://desktoppub.about.com/od/glossary/g/HandJ.htm
Approved Index (2014). Glossary of Commercial Printing Terms.
Retrieved from http://www.approvedindex.co.uk/a/printingcompanies/printingterms/
Computer Hope (2014). Slug Area. Retrieved from http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/slugarea.htm
Digital Printing Tips (2014). Glossary of Terms. Short Grain Paper. Retrieved
from http://digitalprintingtips.com/print-term/t--2736/short-grain-paper.asp
Epson. Exceed your vision (2014). ISO PPM Standard. Retrieved
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SOS Print + Media (2014). Glossary of Terms. Retrieved from http://web.sos.com.au/index.php/glossary-of-terms.html
The Free Dictionary (2005). Compositor. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/compositor
The Free Dictionary (2005). Digest. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/digesting
The Free Dictionary (2005). Stroke. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stroke
The Word Detective (2014). Words and Language in a Humorous Vein on
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What is (2014). Hard copy (printout). Retrieved from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/hard-copy-printout
Wikipedia (2014).
Bookbinding. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookbinding
Wikipedia
(2014). Body text. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_text
Wikipedia (2014).
Category: Mechanical fasteners.
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mechanical_fasteners
Wikipedia
(2014). Die cutting (web). Retrieved
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Wikipedia
(2014). Dieline. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieline
Wikipedia
(2014). Fugitive pigment. Retrieved
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_pigment
Wikipedia
(2014). Pad printing. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad_printing
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